|
Preface |
xvi |
|
Acknowledgments |
xviii |
|
Writing "The Red Woman's America": An Introduction to Writing by Earlier Native American Women |
1 |
|
Traditional Narratives and Songs |
13 |
|
Narratives |
|
|
[The Woman Who Fell From the Sky] (Iroquois) (Converse, 1908) |
14 |
|
Kana ti and Selu: The Origin of Game and Corn (Cherokee) (Mooney, 1900) |
15 |
|
[The Moon] (Cherokee) (Mooney, 1900) |
17 |
|
Nun yunu wi, The Stone Man (Cherokee) (Mooney, 1900) |
17 |
|
The Huhu Gets Married (Cherokee) (Mooney, 1900) |
18 |
|
[Changing Woman and White Shell Woman] (Navajo) (Matthews, 1897) |
19 |
|
The Girl-with-Spots-on-Her-Face (Musquakie) (Owen, 1904) |
20 |
|
The Bear-Maiden: An Ojibwa Folk-Tale from Lac Courte Oreille Reservation, Wisconsin (Ojibwa) (Jenks, 1902) |
20 |
|
Songs |
|
|
From Chippewa Music Love-Charm Songs and Love Songs (Densmore, 1910) |
22 |
|
From Music of Acoma, Isleta, Cochiti, and Zuni Pueblos (Densmore, 1957) |
23 |
|
Nancy Ward (Nan-ye-hi; Cherokee, c. 1738-c. 1822). and Cherokee Women |
26 |
|
[Speech to the US Treaty Commissioners] (Ward, 1781) |
27 |
|
[Speech to the US Treaty Commissioners] (Ward, 1785) |
28 |
|
Cherokee Indian Women to President Franklin (1787) |
28 |
|
[Petition to the Cherokee National Council] (Cherokee Women and Ward, May 2, 1817) |
29 |
|
[Petition to the Cherokee National Council] (Cherokee Women and Ward, June 30, 1818) |
29 |
|
[Petition to the Cherokee National Council] (Cherokee Women, c. October, 1821; from the Cherokee Phoenix, 1831) |
30 |
|
Mary Jemison (Degiwene's, Two Falling Voices; Seneca, c. 1743-1833 |
31 |
|
From A Narrative of the Life of Mrs. Mary Jemison (1824) |
|
|
Author's Preface [James E. Seaver] |
32 |
|
Author's Introduction [James E. Seaver] |
34 |
|
Chapter 1 [Parents and Early Childhood] |
36 |
|
Chapter 2 [Education; Captivity; Mother's Farewell Address] |
38 |
|
Chapter 3 [Adoption by Two Seneca Sisters; First Marriage] |
42 |
|
Chapter 4 [White and Indian Women; Family Life] |
46 |
|
Chapter 6 [Revolution; Morals of the Indians] |
49 |
|
Chapter 9 [Landowner] |
51 |
|
Chapter 10 [Spiritous Liquors among the Seneca; Fratricide] |
53 |
|
Chapter 16 [Conclusion] |
55 |
|
Jane Johnston Schoolcraft (Bame-wa-wa-ge-zhik-a-quay, Woman of the Stars Rushing Through the Sky; Ojibwe, 1800-1841) |
57 |
|
Poetry |
|
|
From The Literary Voyager or Muzzeniegun |
58 |
|
Resignation [1826] |
58 |
|
To Sisters on a Walk in the Garden, After a Shower [1826] |
59 |
|
Lines To a Friend Asleep [1827] |
59 |
|
Lines Written Under Affliction [1827] |
60 |
|
Lines Written Under Severe Pain and Sickness [1827] |
60 |
|
Otagamiad [1827] |
60 |
|
Invocation To My Maternal Grandfather On Hearing His Descent from Chippewa Ancestors Misrepresented [1827] |
63 |
|
Sonner [1827] |
64 |
|
To My Ever Beloved and Lamented Son, William Henry [1827] |
64 |
|
Traditional Narratives |
|
|
The Origin of the Robin An Oral Allegory [1827] |
66 |
|
Moowis The Indian Coquette A Chippewa Legend [1827] |
67 |
|
The Forsaken Brother A Chippewa Tale [1827] |
67 |
|
Origin of the Miscodeed Or the Maid of Taquimenon [1827] |
69 |
|
Lucy Lowrey Hoyt Keys (Wahnenauhi, Over-Therf-They-Just-Arrived-With-It |
|
|
Cherokee, 1831-1912) |
71 |
|
Historical Sketches of the Cherokees, Together with Some of Their Customs, Traditions, and Superstitions (1889) |
72 |
|
Narcissa Owen (Cherokee, 1831-1911) |
90 |
|
From Memoirs of Narcissa Owen: 1831-1907 (1907) |
|
|
@from Chapter I: Some Old Cherokee Legends and Beliefs |
|
|
[The Founding of the Cherokee Nation] |
92 |
|
A Cherokee Rheumatism Cure |
93 |
|
Cherokee Cure for Snake Bite |
94 |
|
@from Chapter II: The First Migration to the Indian Territory |
|
|
[US Government Treachery and the Trail of Tears] |
94 |
|
@from Chapter III: Concerning my Father, Thomas Chisholm, and President |
|
|
Thomas Jefferson |
|
|
[My Father] |
96 |
|
The Jefferson Medal |
98 |
|
@from Chapter IV: Some Recollections of My Early Life |
|
|
[My Education; Desperate Characters Infesting the Western Country] |
98 |
|
@from Chapter V: Memories of Clinch River and Lynchburg |
|
|
Life on Clinch River, at Evan's Bridge |
100 |
|
Making Confederate Uniforms |
102 |
|
The King Story |
104 |
|
@from Chapter VI: The Author as Mother and Teacher - Vicissitudes |
|
|
[Return to the Cherokee Nation; Seminary Experiences] |
105 |
|
A New Variety of Burglar |
107 |
|
@from Chapter IX: Being a Miscellaneous Chapter Concerning Many Persons and Things |
|
|
@from Home at the Metropolitan |
108 |
|
@from Some Family Data |
108 |
|
@from Some Things I Have Enjoyed |
108 |
|
Buffalo Bird Woman (Waheenee, Maxidiwiac; Hidatsa, c. 1839-1932) |
110 |
|
Autobiography, As Told to Gilbert L. Wilson, From Field Notes by Wilson, 1906-1929 |
|
|
Origin of the Hidatsas (vol. 13, 1913) |
111 |
|
Birth and Childhood (vol. 9, 1910) |
113 |
|
How Maxidiwiac Got Her Name (vol. 16, 1914) |
114 |
|
A Daughter's Training (vol. 18, 1915) |
115 |
|
Corn Songs (vol. 18, 1915) |
116 |
|
Goodbird is Nearly Drowned (vol. 18, 1915) |
117 |
|
Punishment of Children, of Adults; Ideas of Crime (vol. 10, 1911) |
117 |
|
June Berry (vol. 20, 1916) |
118 |
|
Courtship and Marriage (vol. 9, 1910/1912) |
120 |
|
Honor Marks of Women (vol. 11, 1912) |
122 |
|
Children's Tales (vol. 10, 1911) |
122 |
|
Story of Itsikamahidish and the Wild Potato (vol. 16, 1914) |
126 |
|
How the Prairie Chicken Was Made (vol. 18, 1915) |
127 |
|
Indian Life in Former Days Compared with the Present Life (vol. 22, 1918) |
128 |
|
Sarah Winnemucca (Thocmetony, Shell Flower; Paiute, c. 1844-1891) |
129 |
|
From Life Among the Piutes (1883) |
|
|
Editor's Preface [Mary Mann] |
131 |
|
Chapter I First Meeting of Piutes and Whites |
131 |
|
Chapter II Domestic and Social Moralities |
146 |
|
Chapter III Wars and Their Causes |
151 |
|
Chapter IV Captain Truckee's Death |
154 |
|
Chapter V Reservation of Pyramid and Muddy Lakes |
157 |
|
Susette LaFieschf [Tibbies] (Inshta Theamba, Bright Eyes; Omaha, 1854-1903) |
169 |
|
An Indian Woman's Letter (The Southern Workman, April, 1879) |
170 |
|
Letter to St. Nicholas (1880) |
171 |
|
From Testimony before the US Senate on the Removal of the Ponca Indians (1880) |
172 |
|
Introduction to The Ponca Chiefs, by Thomas H. Tibbles (1880) |
174 |
|
Nedawi (An Indian Story from Real Life) (St. Nicholas, January, 1881) |
174 |
|
Introduction to Ploughed Under: The Story of an Indian Chief, Told by Himself, by William Justin Harsha (1881) |
179 |
|
Omaha Legends and Tent-Stories (Wide Awake, June, 1883) |
181 |
|
Annette Leevier (Ojibwe, 1856-?) |
187 |
|
Psychic Experiences of an Indian Princess, Daughter of Chief Tommyhawk (1920) |
|
|
To Sitting Bull - The Sioux Brave |
188 |
|
Foreword |
189 |
|
Part I |
189 |
|
Healing |
197 |
|
Trailing |
198 |
|
Titanic Prophecy |
199 |
|
Soul Flight |
199 |
|
Waiting |
200 |
|
Tiffin Prophecy |
201 |
|
Tribute from Chief Tommyhawk |
203 |
|
Obsession and Spirit Conditions |
203 |
|
Obsession |
204 |
|
Conclusion |
206 |
|
E. Pauline Johnson (Tekahionwake, Double Wampum; Mohawk, 1861-1913) |
207 |
|
Poetry |
|
|
From Flint and Feather (1912) |
|
|
Canada (Acrostic) |
209 |
|
The Cattle Thief |
209 |
|
The Corn Husker |
210 |
|
Erie Waters |
211 |
|
The Idlers |
211 |
|
In the Shadows |
212 |
|
The Indian Corn Planter |
214 |
|
Joe An Etching |
214 |
|
Low Tide at St. Andrews (New Brunswick) |
215 |
|
Lullaby of the Iroquois |
215 |
|
Marshlands |
216 |
|
Penseroso |
216 |
|
The Quill Worker |
217 |
|
Shadow River Muskoka |
217 |
|
Thistle-Down |
218 |
|
Under Canvas In Muskoka |
219 |
|
The Wolf |
219 |
|
Wolverine |
220 |
|
From American Canoe Club Year Book (1893) |
|
|
The Portage |
222 |
|
Fiction and Prose Nonfiction |
|
|
From The Moccasin Maker (1913) |
|
|
Catharine of the "Crow's Nest" |
222 |
|
The Envoy Extraordinary |
228 |
|
As It Was in the Beginning |
232 |
|
From The Shagganappi (1913) |
|
|
Little Wolf-Willow |
236 |
|
Sons of Savages |
241 |
|
From Legends of Vancouver (1922) |
|
|
The Lost Salmon-Run |
242 |
|
The Sea-Serpent |
245 |
|
Mabel Washbourne Anderson (Cherokee, 1863-1949) |
248 |
|
Nowita, the Sweet Singer--A Romantic Tradition of Spavinaw, Indian Territory (Twin Territories, January, 1903) |
249 |
|
Joe Jamison's Sacrifice (Sturm's, January, 1906) |
255 |
|
Sophia Alice Callahan (Muscogee/Creek, 1868-1894) |
259 |
|
From Wynema, A Child of the Forest (1891) |
|
|
[Dedication] |
260 |
|
Publisher's Preface |
260 |
|
Chapter I Introductory |
261 |
|
Chapter II The School |
263 |
|
Chapter III Some Indian Dishes |
264 |
|
Chapter VI An Indian Burial |
265 |
|
Chapter VII A Strange Ceremony |
267 |
|
Chapter IX Some Changes |
268 |
|
Chapter XI In the Old Home |
268 |
|
Chapter XII A Conservative |
270 |
|
Chapter XIII Shall We Allot? |
271 |
|
Chapter XIV More Concerning Allotments |
273 |
|
Fox Indian Woman (Mesquakie/Fox, fl. 1918)/Truman Michelson |
275 |
|
The Autobiography of a Fox Indian Woman (1918) (with Dalottiwa, Horace Poweshiek, and Truman Michelson) |
276 |
|
Owl Woman (Juana Manwell; Papago, fl. 1880)/Frances Densmore (1867-1957) |
289 |
|
From Papago Music (1929) |
|
|
Songs for Treating Sickness, Sung during the Four Parts of the Night |
290 |
|
Parts One and Two: Beginning Songs and Songs Sung before Midnight |
290 |
|
No. 72 "Brown Owls" |
290 |
|
No. 73 "In the Blue Night" |
290 |
|
No. 74 "The Owl Feather" |
290 |
|
No. 75 "They Come Hooting" |
290 |
|
No. 76 "In the Dark I Enter" |
291 |
|
No. 77 "His Heart is Almost Covered with Night" |
291 |
|
No. 78 "I See Spirit-Tufts of White Feathers" |
291 |
|
No. 79 "Yonder Lies the Spirit Land" |
291 |
|
NN/NT ["Sadly I was treated, sadly I was treated"] |
291 |
|
No. 80 "Song of a Spirit" |
291 |
|
No. 81 "We Will Join Them" |
291 |
|
No. 82 "My Feathers" |
292 |
|
No. 83 "The Women are Singing" |
292 |
|
NN/NT ["In the great night my heart will go out"] |
292 |
|
NN/NT ["On the west side they are singing, the women hear it"] |
292 |
|
No. 84 "I Am Going to See the Land" |
292 |
|
No. 85 "I Run Toward Ashes Hill" |
292 |
|
No. 86 "The Waters of the Spirits" |
292 |
|
Parts Three and Four: Songs Sung between Midnight and Early Morning |
292 |
|
No. 87 "There Will I See the Dawn" |
292 |
|
No. 88 "I Run Toward the East" |
293 |
|
No. 89 "I Die Here" |
293 |
|
No. 90 "I Could See the Daylight Coming" |
293 |
|
No. 91 "The Dawn Approaches" |
293 |
|
No. 92 "The Owl Feather is Looking for the Dawn" |
293 |
|
No. 93 "The Morning Star" |
293 |
|
No. 94 "Song of a Medicine Woman on Seeing that a Sick Person Will Die" |
293 |
|
Zitkala-Sa (Red Bird, Gertrude Simmons Bonnin; Sioux, 1876-1938) |
294 |
|
Poetry |
|
|
From American Indian Magazine |
|
|
The Indian's Awakening (January-March, 1916) |
296 |
|
The Red Man's America (January-March, 1917) |
298 |
|
A Sioux Woman's Love for Her Grandchild (October-December, 1917) |
299 |
|
Fiction and Prose Nonfiction |
|
|
From Old Indian Legends (1904) |
|
|
Iktomi and the Ducks |
301 |
|
Iktomi and the Muskrat |
303 |
|
From American Indian Stories (1921) |
|
|
Impressions of an Indian Childhood |
304 |
|
I. My Mother |
304 |
|
II. The Legends |
305 |
|
III. The Beadwork |
307 |
|
IV. The Coffee-Making |
308 |
|
V. The Dead Man's Plum Bush |
309 |
|
VI. The Ground Squirrel |
310 |
|
VII. The Big Red Apples |
311 |
|
The School Days of an Indian Girl |
313 |
|
I. The Land of Red Apples |
313 |
|
II. The Cutting of My Long Hair |
314 |
|
III. The Snow Episode |
315 |
|
IV. The Devil |
316 |
|
V. Iron Routine |
316 |
|
VI. Four Strange Summers |
317 |
|
VII. Incurring My Mother's Displeasure |
319 |
|
An Indian Teacher Among Indians |
320 |
|
I. My First Day |
320 |
|
II. A Trip Westward |
321 |
|
III. My Mother's Curse upon White Settlers |
323 |
|
IV. Retrospection |
323 |
|
The Soft-Hearted Sioux |
324 |
|
A Warrior's Daughter |
328 |
|
The Great Spirit |
332 |
|
From Various Periodicals |
333 |
|
A Year's Experience in Community Service Work Among the Ute Tribe of Indians (American Indian Magazine, October-December, 1916) |
333 |
|
Chipeta, Widow of Chief Ouray, With a Word About a Deal in Blankets (American Indian Magazine July-September, 1917) |
335 |
|
Indian Gifts to Civilized Man (The Indian Sentinel, July 1918; also in Tomahawk, July, 1919) |
337 |
|
Editorial Comment (American Indian Magazine, July-September, 1918) |
338 |
|
America, Home of the Red Man (American Indian Magazine, Winter, 1919) |
339 |
|
Letter to the Chiefs and Head-men of the Tribes (American Indian Magazine, Winter, 1919) |
340 |
|
From Oklahoma's Poor Rich Indians: An Orgy of Graft and Exploitation of the Five Civilized Tribes--Legalized Robbery (1924; with Charles H. Fabens and Matthew K. Sniffen) |
341 |
|
Summary |
341 |
|
The Professional Guardian |
343 |
|
The System at Work |
344 |
|
A Seven-Year-Old Victim |
345 |
|
In Osage County |
346 |
|
In Briefer Form |
348 |
|
In Conclusion |
349 |
|
The Remedy |
349 |
|
Ora V. Eddleman Reed (pseud. Mignon Schreiber; Cherokee, 1880-1968) |
350 |
|
Fiction |
|
|
From Twin Territories |
|
|
A Face at the Window (July, 1899) |
352 |
|
A Pair of Moccasins (August-December, 1899) |
356 |
|
Chapter I 356 |
|
|
Chapter II 358 |
|
|
Chapter III Part II |
359 |
|
Chapter IV A Lapse of Five Years |
360 |
|
Chapter V 362 |
|
|
Chapter VI 364 |
|
|
[Chapter VII] 366 |
|
|
Aunt Mary's Christmas Dinner (December, 1899) |
369 |
|
The Honor of Wynoma, A Thanksgiving Story By A Cherokee Girl (November, 1902) |
372 |
|
Chapter I 372 |
|
|
Chapter II 375 |
|
|
From Sturm's |
|
|
Billy Bearclaws, Aid to Cupid (September, 1909) |
377 |
|
Nonfiction |
|
|
From Twin Territories |
|
|
[Indian Land Selection] (May, 1899) |
382 |
|
Daugherty Canyon (May, 1899) |
383 |
|
Do Not Want Them (June, 1899) |
384 |
|
Talequah (June, 1899) |
384 |
|
The Choctaw People (June, 1899) |
385 |
|
From "What the Curious Want to Know ... A Department Devoted to Enquirers." (1900-1902) |
386 |
|
From Sturm's |
|
|
Indian Wit and Wisdom (March, 1906) |
388 |
|
Indian Proverbs (March, 1906) |
389 |
|
When The Cowboy Reigned (April, 1906) |
389 |
|
Father of 90,000 Indians (July, 1906) |
390 |
|
Indian Tales Between Pipes (November, 1906) |
392 |
|
The Indian Orphan (January, 1908) |
394 |
|
Daughters of Confederacy (June, 1910) |
395 |
|
Various Authors |
399 |
|
From Cherokee Rose Buds (1854) |
|
|
Corinne, Our Wreath of Rose Buds |
401 |
|
Anonymous, [Editorial] |
402 |
|
Ka-Ya-Kun-Stah, An Osage Wedding |
402 |
|
Na-Li, An Address to the Females of the Cherokee Nation |
403 |
|
Edith, View from our Seminary |
403 |
|
Wah-Lie, Childhood |
404 |
|
Letilla, The Gardening Season--A Great Time Among All Matrons |
404 |
|
Anonymous, A Dialogue Between Susan and Ellen |
404 |
|
Cherokee, Dissipation |
405 |
|
Lusette, Kate M--'s Composition |
405 |
|
Inez, A Peep into the Future |
406 |
|
Flora Green, A Dream |
406 |
|
Dora, Queer Matty |
407 |
|
From A Wreath of Cherokee Rose Buds (August, 1855) |
|
|
Anonymous, [Editorial] |
407 |
|
Na-Li (Scene I); Fanny (Scene II), Two Scenes in Cherokee Land |
408 |
|
Alice, Beauty |
409 |
|
Kate, A Walk |
410 |
|
Qua-Tsy, Female Influence |
410 |
|
Lelia, Critics and Criticism |
411 |
|
Lily Lee, Literary Day Among the Birds |
412 |
|
Grace, Intemperance |
413 |
|
Leonora, The Mouse's Will |
413 |
|
From The Indian Helper (June 20, 1890) |
|
|
Nellie Robertson, A Trip to the Moon, A Composition by One of Our Imaginative Sioux Girls |
414 |
|
From The Indian Leader (June, 1897) |
|
|
[Bright Eyes], Autobiography of an Indian Girl |
415 |
|
From The Indian Leader (October 27, 1899) |
|
|
Myrtle Dixon, The Story of Columbus |
416 |
|
From The Indian Leader (October, 1899) |
|
|
Anonymous, An Indian Girl's History, Written by Herself |
417 |
|
From The Indian Leader (May 3, 1901) |
|
|
Edith Tourtillotte, A Fish Story |
418 |
|
From The Indian Leader (January 31, 1902) |
|
|
Elena Byanuaba, An Autobiography |
419 |
|
From Twin Territories (December, 1902) |
|
|
Alice Phillips, Legend of the Cricket |
420 |
|
From Twin Territories (April, 1903) For the Little Chiefs and their Sisters |
|
|
Hellen Rebecca Anderson, The Unruly Pigs |
421 |
|
From Sturm's (September, 1905) |
|
|
Adella Washee, A Summer Day |
421 |
|
From The Indian Leader (December, 1908) |
|
|
Julia Seelatsee, A Christmas Festival Among the Indians |
421 |
|
From Red Man (September, 1910) |
|
|
Evelyn Pierce, A Seneca Tradition |
422 |
|
From Red Man (October, 1910) |
|
|
Emma LaVatta, Shoshoni, The Story of the Deerskin |
423 |
|
From The Indian Leader (January 20, 1911) |
|
|
Luciana Cheerless, A Pima Legend |
423 |
|
From The Indian Leader (March 3, 1911) |
|
|
Clara Talavenska Keshoitewa, Hopi, Saquavicha, the Fox-Girl |
424 |
|
From The Indian Leader (January, 1912) |
|
|
Minnie Pike, Eut, In a Snow Drift |
425 |
|
From The Carlisle Arrow (December 27, 1912) |
|
|
Isabel LaVatta, Babetta's Christmas |
426 |
|
From The Red Man (December, 1912) |
|
|
Emma M. Newashe, The Merman's Prophecy |
427 |
|
From The Indian Leader (December 26, 1919) |
|
|
Anonymous, Left Overs From Good English Week. Slogans and Rhymes by Vocational IV, Girls |
428 |
|
From The Indian Leader (December 26, 1919) |
|
|
Evelyn Leary, A Story of Modern Knights |
428 |
|
Index |
430 |
