"One aspect of war is often overlooked : how much do they cost and how are they funded. Funding Extended Conflicts develops a baseline on Federal spending for the two extended conflicts of the Cold War era, Korea and Vietnam, and compares them with the global war on terror, including current outlays for Iraq and Afghanistan. It also provides wartime cases that offer recommendations on how to pay for future wars and focuses on the length of the "tails" of such spending which are often omitted in the final analyses and distort funding estimates."--BOOK JACKET. Distributed by Syndetic Solutions, Inc.

This is a major contribution to the study of US war expenditures. Miller (US Navy) examines US funding of three wars: Korea, Vietnam, and the global war on terror. For each he covers cost estimates and appropriation, allocation, and spending. He tries to place the material in context by preceding each introduction with a caption from a prominent source. Miller clearly explains the funding process in each case study and raises many questions, which he answers with healthy cynicism. One conclusion is that all estimates depend on assumptions; hence, they all end up wrong. Supplemental funding has been significant, incremental, and expensive in terms of opportunity costs. In discussing resources, Miller considers 12 serious issues including cost estimates, transition from supplemental to baseline budgets, advantages and disadvantages of supplemental budgeting, benefits and durability of flexible appropriations, importance of authorities relative to funding, cost components, overtime, predisposed outlook of the political leaders, congressional activism, and tensions and suspicions surrounding war expenditures. This volume would be more valuable had the author addressed opportunity costs of these expenditures in more detail. Charts, tables, glossary, footnotes, plus introductions and summaries of chapters and sections enrich the text. Summing Up: Highly recommended. Upper-division undergraduate students through professionals. Upper-division Undergraduates; Graduate Students; Researchers/Faculty; Professionals/Practitioners. Reviewed by E. H. Tuma. From: Syndetics Solutions, Inc. Distributed by Syndetic Solutions, Inc.

Foreword	xi
Preface	xv
Abbreviations	xvii
1 Introduction	1
The Problems Faced Today	1
2 Cost of War: A Frame of Reference	3
Why Look at Korea and Vietnam?	3
Fundamentals of Financing War	4
Fundamentals of Budgeting for War	7
Problems in Defining War Costs	8
Summary	9
3 Korean War: Fiscal Years 1951-1953	10
Fiscal Background	11
Security Strategy and Fiscal Opinions-A Brief Developmental Review	11
Economic Considerations and Concerns	15
Summary	16
Cost and Budgeting Overview	17
Initial Response: The First FY51 Supplemental Request	19
Further Developing the War and Buildup Programs: The Second FY51 Supplemental	24
Accelerating Defense Production: The Third FY51 Supplemental	28
Closing Out the Year: The Fourth FY51 Supplemental	30
Fiscal Year 52-53 Costs	32
Korean War-Summary	38
4 Vietnam and Southeast Asia: 1965-1975	42
Introduction	43
Cost and Budgeting Overview	43
May 1965: The $700 Million Confidence Vote	43
Administration Deception and the Southeast Asia Emergency Fund-FY66	44
FY66 Supplemental-The Shoe Finally Drops	46
Other Associated 1965-1966 Spending	48
FY67-First Year Attempt at Requirements On-Budget	50
FY68-The Pattern Continues	54
FY69-70: The Johnson Administration Departs	56
Congressional Concerns: 1965-1969	59
FY70: The American Ebb Flow Begins	60
FY71-74: De-escalation, Vietnamization, and Funding Reductions	61
Congressional Concerns: 1970-1975	63
Other Costs	64
Vietnam Summary	65
5 Global War on Terror: 2001-?	68
Introduction	69
Funding History-the Supplementals	71
9/11 Initial Response-The FY 2001 Supplementals	71
FY 2002 Emergency Supplemental (PL 107-206)-Transitioning from 9/11 Response and Recovery to the Offensive	75
The FY2003 Supplemental-Fight over Flexibility	80
FY 2004 Emergency Supplemental-Continue Operations, Address Reconstruction	86
FY05 Defense Appropriations Act-The $25 Billion Bridge Supplemental	96
FY 2005 Emergency Supplemental-Continuing Operations, Buying Down the Backlog, and Questioning the Funding	99
Cost of War at Home-Homeland Security Spending since 9/11	107
GWOT Summary	108
6 Resourcing Considerations: Enduring Lessons and Issues from Extended Conflicts Past and Present	110
Resourcing Consideration #1 110
Resourcing Consideration #2 111
Resourcing Consideration #3 114
Resourcing Consideration #4 119
Resourcing Consideration #5 120
Resourcing Consideration #6 122
Resourcing Consideration #7 123
Resourcing Consideration #8 124
Resourcing Consideration #9 125
Resourcing Consideration #10 126
Resourcing Consideration #11 126
Resourcing Consideration #12 127
7 Conclusion	130
Fiscal Environment	132
GWOT Conceptual Challenge	133
Summary	133
Notes	137
Glossary	151
Selected Bibliography	157
Index	175

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