Sarah Grogan provides a comprehensive overview of the subject of body image, pulling together diverse research from the fields of psychology, sociology, media, and gender studies in men, women, and children. This second edition has been thoroughly revised and updated to reflect the significant increase in research on body image since the first edition was published, including new empirical data collected specifically for this text. In addition to examining evidence for sociocultural influences on body image, the book also reviews recent literature and includes new findings on body modification practices (cosmetic surgery, piercing, tattooing and bodybuilding). It takes a critical look at interventions designed to promote positive body image and also attempts to link body image to physical health, looking in particular at motivations for potentially health-damaging practices such as anabolic steroid use and cosmetic surgery. The only text to date that examines the issue of body image, focusing on men and children as well as women, Body Image will be invaluable to students and researchers in the area as well as those with an interest in how to promote positive body image. Book jacket. Distributed by Syndetic Solutions, Inc.

List of illustrations	ix
Preface to the second edition	xi
Acknowledgments	xiii
1 Introduction	1
2 Culture and body image	9
The idealization of slenderness	9
The basis of body shape ideals	12
The diet industry	32
Recent cultural trends	35
Summary	40
3 Women and body image	41
Assessment of body image	42
Behavioral indicators of body dissatisfaction	57
Social construction of femininity	74
Summary	80
4 Men and body image	81
Assessment of body image	82
Behavioral indicators of body dissatisfaction	93
Social construction of masculinity	104
Summary	106
5 Media effects	108
Surveys relating media exposure to body image	111
Studies investigating direct effects of media images on body image	112
Theories of media influence	118
Body shape role models	121
Recent developments	130
Reducing the effects of media imagery	132
Summary	135
6 Age, social class, ethnicity, and sexuality	136
Body image across the life span	136
Ethnicity and body image	156
Social class and body image	161
Body shape, sexual attractiveness, and sexuality	166
Summary	190
7 Promoting positive body image	192
Psychological factors predicting positive body image	193
General conclusions	203
Summary	206
Bibliography	208
Name index	236
Subject index	243

Distributed by Syndetic Solutions, Inc.